ANATOMY AT A GLANCE
Bouchard’s osteoarthritis affects the middle finger joint. Cartilage loss and bony outgrowths can accompany pain and stiffness.
Typical symptoms
The middle finger joints can become swollen and stiff. Gripping or closing the fist fully may become more difficult.
How is the cause assessed?
Examination assesses movement, stability and swelling of the middle joints. X-rays can show osteoarthritis or the effects of earlier injury.
Consider other causes
Inflammatory joint disease or earlier joint injury can also make middle joints painful and stiff. Swelling alone does not prove osteoarthritis.
Treatment options
Without surgery
Warmth, activity adjustments and gentle movement can support hand function.
Surgical options
For severe symptoms despite suitable non-surgical care, joint replacement or fusion may be considered. Fusion removes movement at the treated joint; replacement is not suitable for every situation.
Suitable treatment depends on the confirmed diagnosis, examination findings and your individual needs.
When to seek an examination
Seek assessment for persistent swelling, pain or difficulty making a fist. Treatment depends on pain and function.
Sources & editorial status
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS)